What materials are permitted for pressure vessels under GOST 34347?

The standard permits a wide range of materials depending on the design temperature, pressure, and medium. Common permitted materials include carbon steels (e.g., St3sp, 20, 20K), low-alloy manganese-silicon steels (e.g., 09G2S, 16GS), heat-resistant chrome-molybdenum steels (e.g., 15Kh5M), and austenitic stainless steels (e.g., 08Kh18N10T, 12Kh18N10T, 10Kh17N13M2T).

What are the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) requirements in GOST 34347-2017?

NDT volumes are strictly dictated by the vessel's classification Group (1 through 5). Group 1 and 2 vessels require 100% Radiographic Testing (RT) or Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of applicable welds. Group 3 requires 50%, Group 4 requires 25%, and Group 5 requires 10%. Furthermore, 100% Visual and Measuring Control (VT) is mandatory for all welds prior to further NDT.

How is the hydrostatic test pressure calculated according to GOST 34347?

The hydrostatic test pressure is generally calculated as 1.25 times the design pressure, multiplied by the ratio of the allowable stress of the material at 20 degrees Celsius to the allowable stress at the design temperature. The holding time depends on the wall thickness, ranging from 30 to 120 minutes.

What are the maximum permitted geometric tolerances for vessel fabrication?

Key geometric tolerances include a maximum relative ovality of 1.0% for standard pressure vessels (restricted to 0.5% for vacuum vessels and up to 2.0% for filling-only vessels). The straightness deviation is limited to 2.0 mm per 1 meter of length (not exceeding 30.0 mm total), and length deviation is capped at +/- 0.3% of the nominal length (maximum +/- 50.0 mm).

Technical Digest: GOST 34347-2017 – Steel Welded Vessels and Apparatus

Q: What is GOST 34347-2017?

GOST 34347-2017 is the primary interstate standard that establishes the general technical specifications for the design, material selection, fabrication, and testing of steel welded vessels and apparatus operating under positive pressure, vacuum (residual pressure not lower than 665 Pa), or hydrostatic filling load within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

GOST 34347-2017 is the primary interstate normative document regulating the design, material selection, fabrication, and testing of steel welded vessels and apparatus within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It establishes essential safety and operational requirements for equipment functioning under positive gauge pressure, vacuum (residual pressure ≥ 665 Pa), or hydrostatic filling load. Compliance with this standard is mandatory for securing the TR CU 032/2013 EAC Certificate or Declaration.

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Gap Analysis: GOST 34347 vs. ASME BPVC Sec. VIII / EN 13445

When harmonizing international designs for EAEU compliance, several critical deviations exist between GOST methodologies and Western codes:

Classification Architecture: GOST classifies vessels into 5 distinct Groups based on design pressure, design wall temperature, and medium toxicity/explosiveness. ASME relies heavily on “Lethal Service” flags and joint efficiency (E), whereas EN 13445 categorizes by Testing Groups (1 to 4).
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): GOST ties RT/UT inspection volumes rigidly to the Vessel Group (e.g., Group 1 & 2 demand 100% inspection). ASME allows designers to select RT volumes (Full, Spot, None) to dictate the joint efficiency multiplier used in wall thickness calculations.
Geometric Tolerances: GOST imposes highly specific limits on local deformations. For example, edge angularity (peaking) is strictly limited to 0.1s + 3.0 mm (with a hard cap of 5.0 mm for standard shells), requiring customized template checks during fabrication.

Permissible Materials (15 Key GOST Grades)

GOST Grade	ASTM / EN Equivalent	Chemical Composition (%)	Mechanical Properties	Temp Range (°C)
St3sp	A283 Gr. C / S235JRG2	C 0.14-0.22, Mn 0.40-0.65	YS 235 MPa, UTS 370-480 MPa	-20 to 200
20	A105 / C22E	C 0.17-0.24, Mn 0.35-0.65	YS 245 MPa, UTS 410-550 MPa	-20 to 425
20K	A516 Gr. 60 / P265GH	C 0.16-0.24, Mn 0.35-0.65	YS 265 MPa, UTS 410-550 MPa	-20 to 475
16K	A516 Gr. 55 / P235GH	C 0.12-0.20, Mn 0.35-0.65	YS 235 MPa, UTS 380-470 MPa	-20 to 475
22K	A516 Gr. 65 / P295GH	C 0.19-0.26, Mn 0.50-0.80	YS 295 MPa, UTS 430-580 MPa	-20 to 350
09G2S	A516 Gr. 70 / P355GH	C ≤0.12, Mn 1.30-1.70, Si 0.5-0.8	YS 345 MPa, UTS 490-620 MPa	-70 to 475
10G2S1	A537 Cl. 1 / P355NL1	C ≤0.12, Mn 1.30-1.65	YS 345 MPa, UTS 490-620 MPa	-70 to 475
16GS	A516 Gr. 65 / P295GH	C 0.12-0.18, Mn 0.90-1.20	YS 295 MPa, UTS 450-590 MPa	-40 to 475
17GS	A516 Gr. 70 / P355GH	C 0.14-0.20, Mn 1.00-1.40	YS 345 MPa, UTS 490-620 MPa	-40 to 475
12MKh	A387 Gr. 12 / 13CrMo4-5	C 0.08-0.15, Cr 0.4-0.7, Mo 0.4-0.6	YS 220 MPa, UTS 440-590 MPa	0 to 540
15KhM	A387 Gr. 12 / 13CrMo4-5	C 0.11-0.18, Cr 0.8-1.1, Mo 0.4-0.5	YS 220 MPa, UTS 440-590 MPa	0 to 560
15Kh5M	A387 Gr. 5 / X12CrMo5	C ≤0.15, Cr 4.5-6.0, Mo 0.45-0.60	YS 200 MPa, UTS 390-590 MPa	0 to 650
08Kh18N10T	321 / X6CrNiTi18-10	C ≤0.08, Cr 17-19, Ni 9-11, Ti	YS 205 MPa, UTS 510-730 MPa	-253 to 610
12Kh18N10T	321H / X6CrNiTi18-10	C ≤0.12, Cr 17-19, Ni 9-11, Ti	YS 205 MPa, UTS 510-730 MPa	-253 to 610
10Kh17N13M2T	316Ti / X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2	C ≤0.10, Cr 16-18, Ni 12-14, Mo 2-3	YS 215 MPa, UTS 510-730 MPa	-253 to 700

Design & Geometric Tolerances

Strict numerical limits are placed on fabrication to prevent structural anomalies:

Length Deviation: Permitted up to ±0.3% of the nominal length, capped at a maximum of ±50.0 mm.
Straightness: Cannot exceed 2.0 mm per 1 meter of length, capped at 30.0 mm for vessels exceeding 15 meters.
Relative Ovality: Maximum 1.0% for standard pressure vessels; restricted to 0.5% for vessels under vacuum/external pressure; allowed up to 2.0% for filling-only vessels.
Edge Misalignment (Offset): For longitudinal welds up to 20.0 mm thickness, offset is limited to 0.1s (max 3.0 mm). For circumferential welds, it is limited to 0.1s + 1.0 mm.

NDT & Inspection Requirements

Non-Destructive Testing volumes are strictly mandated based on the vessel’s designated Group:

100% Visual & Measuring Control (VT): Mandatory for all welds prior to any internal inspection.
Groups 1 & 2: 100% RT (Radiographic) or UT (Ultrasonic) testing of butt, corner, and T-joints.
Group 3: 50% RT or UT of applicable welds.
Group 4: 25% RT or UT of applicable welds.
Group 5: 10% RT or UT of applicable welds.
Penetrant/Magnetic Particle Testing (PT/MT): Mandatory for all welds inaccessible by RT/UT, and for steels highly prone to cracking (e.g., martensitic or austenitic non-ferritic steels).

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